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March 4, 2024Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men. It ranks second in cancer-related deaths. The prostate is a glandular organ in men, approximately the size of a walnut, located under the bladder, producing various secretions for reproductive activities.
Prostate cancer occurs as a result of the abnormal course of some cells that make up the prostate tissue, forming tumor structures. Cancers can develop in only one part of the prostate, or they can develop in more than one part.
This disease, which is usually seen over the age of 65, may not give any symptoms in its early stages. However, if it is not treated, it can grow over time and create pressure on the urinary canal. In such patients, some complaints about urination occur.
In some patients with delayed diagnosis and treatment, cancerous tissues may not be limited to the prostate, but may spread to surrounding tissues.
Prostate Cancer Grades and Stages
Treatment of prostate cancer is planned according to the grade of the tumor and the stage of the tumor.
Tumor Grade
If cancer is detected in the prostate biopsy, the cancerous tissue is evaluated by the pathologist. The most common rating system, the Gleason Scoring System, is used. The results give an idea about the growth rate of the tumor and its differentiation from normal tissue.
A low grade means that the tumor does not differentiate excessively from normal tissues, grows slowly, and has a low risk of spreading. A high degree of risk indicates that the tumor is very different from normal tissues, will likely grow rapidly and may spread to other parts of the body.
Stages of Prostate Cancer
In prostate cancer, staging is done based on how far the tumor has spread in and around the prostate. The following are taken into account when staging.
size of the tumor
Spread of the tumor to tissues inside or around the prostate
Whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
Spread to other parts of the body (metastasis)
stage 1
In the first stage, the tumor is only in the prostate. The tumor is too small to be felt on rectal examination. It does not spread to lymph nodes or spread to other parts of the body. It's low grade.
stage 2
In stage 2, the tumor has progressed into the prostate, but has not spread around it. At this stage, tumor rectal examination or imaging methods (MR) can be detected. It does not spread to lymph nodes or spread to other parts of the body.
stage 3
In the third stage, the tumor has spread beyond the prostate capsule and into tissues such as the seminal vesicle (sperm sac). It does not spread to lymph nodes or spread to other parts of the body.
stage 4
In stage 4, the cancer has spread to other tissues around the prostate. At this stage, there may be spread (metastasis) to the lymph nodes, bones, liver, or lungs.
It is very important to determine the degree of prostate cancer, to apply the appropriate treatment and to follow the course of the disease.
Reasons
The most important risk factors for prostate cancer are age and family history. The incidence of prostate cancer increases with age. Microscopic prostate cancer is detected in 50% of men over the age of 70 and in almost all of those over the age of 90. The disease is not common in individuals younger than 50 years of age. For this reason, prostate cancer screening is recommended for men over 50 for early detection. Studies have shown that approximately 15% of patients have a history of prostate cancer in other family members. Some gene groups responsible for the formation of prostate cancer have been identified. In addition to these, obesity and smoking are among the risk factors identified for prostate cancer.
Symptoms
Localized (limited to the prostate) prostate cancer often develops without any symptoms. Symptoms of prostate cancer include:
burning while urinating
Straining and bleeding in the urine
bleeding in semen
In advanced stages, bone metastases, associated bone pain and sometimes fractures
The treatment of prostate cancer is delayed in individuals who do not have a screening test or who fail their routine controls despite being diagnosed. In these cases, the disease begins to progress.
Diagnostic Methods
Currently, there is no early diagnosis method that can reveal that a healthy man will have prostate cancer.
Increasing age and genetic predisposition are risk factors for prostate cancer. In the light of these risk factors, tests are performed for early diagnosis.
Prostate cancer screening is recommended for men aged 50 years and older without a family history of prostate cancer, while screening for prostate cancer at an earlier age is recommended for those with a family history of prostate cancer.
The methods used for screening are digital rectal examination (for the prostate) and blood test and PSA measurement.
Had hair transplant with Gozde hospital. Everything was in order. The hospital and the hotel were way above average. Good value for the price. Recommended.
Flew from Glasgow to Izmir for the operation. They picked me up from the airport. Immediately headed to the hotel to spend the night and rest before the operation very next morning. When I first stepped in to the hospital, I instantly realised that I made the right choice. The hospital was so perfect that I have never been in a hospital like that before. Had my breast augmentation surgery just a week ago, almost completely healed and my breasts are just amazing. I can't stop looking at them in the mirror. I would like to thank to my coordinator, lovely nurses, and the surgeon. 5 star experience from start to finish
After my terrible experince in Dominican republic, I was bit afraid and reluctant having another surgery abroad. Months of research, planning and long conversations with my surgeon, finally felt confident with Gozde hospitals. My main concern was communication. Due to lack of communcation my nose shape was not like I requested at all. Left with a huge bump at the tip of my nose. Thankfully I was able to have video call consultations on Zoom with my surgeon at Gozde hospital. He eased all the hesitation and I felt like we are on the same page. I only had one chance with this surgery because the secondary surgeries are harder than the first one. It has been just 3 weeks for now but I love the shape of my nose, it is good to be feel confident again after all those years
Having a big family was always my dream and I can say that I fulfilled that dream. But after my 4th child, my body was not representing my age at all. Even though I am in my 40's my tummy and breasts were sagging like I am in my 60's. The frustration was great and I was afraid of mirrors. Never went to swimming with my children. I was insecure about my appearance and decided to change that. Kusadasi is our favourite spot for holiday every year, but this year I contacted Gozde hospitals for my surgery. They even arranged a transfer from Kusadasi to Izmir for my operation. The surgery took around 3 hours but after that everything was perfect. I am not ashamed of wearing dresses or going to the beach with my children anymore. Started enjoying my life again. Thank you for everything! Especially the medical team and my surgeon.
Starting from my 20's, my hair has been receding. Used many products, shampoos, lotions, essential oils but none of them has stopped the receding. I almost gave up and ready to embrace the truth that I am a bald man. One day I stumbled upon Gozde hospital on Whatclinic. I left an inquiry but my expectations were not great at all. I reluctantly reply them, thinking it will not work as well. Then a magical moment happened, I went through their before and after photos, could not believe my eyes. I have arranged my operation for the following week. Now, I am at 4th month. Growing slow but I can see the follicules I have not seen for years. I can't wait to reach the final results!
I had my tummy tuck surgery at Gozde Hospital around a month ago. I am completely healed and in perfect shape. I had been working out for months to get rid of my stubborn belly fat with excess skin but no success. I wish I could have contacted them earlier. I had my doubts about travelling Turkey for a surgery, but all my hesitation has gone after contacting Gozde International. The hospital is one of the best I have ever seen. Top notch, state of the art. Highly recommended! Xo
Had my face and necklift operation with Gozde International hospitals recently. Everything went smootly. I am still in healing process but I feel a lot better. I enjoying spending time looking myself in the mirrors. It was a bit dissappointing to see yourself aging slowly everyday. I always thought that I will not be able to fight with that. Eventually time will take over everything but I'd say I have my 15 years back.
Great experience from start to finish. Clean and nice hotel, perfect hospital. Actually the best part is the hospital experience. Everyone speaks English, also very close to the city center just in case of anything. Atms, restaurants, pharmacies nearby. My expectations were exceeded. Definetely recommended.
I can’t begin to explain how good the whole experience was. The service, communication was excellent. I managed to book my surgery a week after my first call. Just imagine having an operation one week after your first call in UK. Waiting list goes on and on. Everything was planned surprisingly fast. Packed my bags and got here. Picked up from the airport with a VIP car, I felt like I was the queen of England. The hotel was cozy and clean. Room service was excellent. The hospital is the main reason I choose Gozde, and I am glad that I did. Never have I seen such perfect hospital in my life. The staff, equipment, the hospital rooms...Safe to say that those hospital rooms are far better than many 5* hotel rooms. I wish I could have taken few photos to add to my review. I guess it can be fine on their website. My overall experience was defintely perfect, 5-stars, 10 out of 10. I have already recommended this hospital to everyone I know
